2005/11/28

Trees of Life

Opinions differ, so:

http://www.peripatus.gen.nz/Biology/cgmrRNA.gif
A rRNA (16S) cladogram showing presumed phylogenetic realtionships between the three superkingdoms: bacteria (yellow), Archaea (archaeans, green) and Eucarya (eukaryotes, blue). (After Schopf 1999, fig. 4.2.) However, eukaryote genome analysis is not necessarily straight forward; “it has been established that the eukaryotic genome is a chimaera where genes of ancient eukaryotic ancestry coexist with genes more recently acquired from bacterial endosymbionts” (Brown 2002).

Brown, James R. 2002 (in press): Universal Tree of Life. In Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. Nature Publishing Group, Macmillan.

2005/11/27

cyanobacteria algae etc

Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll b (above) Chlorophyll a c (below)
Chlorophylls

http://starcentral.mbl.edu/mv5d/



Archaea
http://starcentral.mbl.edu/msr/rawdata/viewable/moy154w.jpg


Stromatolites
Stromatolites
http://www.cushmanfoundation.org/resources/slides/stromato.html
http://www.rvt.com/~lucas/school/cyano.html#examples
Microfossils from 3.5 BYBP (Australia) that resemble filamentous cyanobacteria
3.5 Ga stromatolite cyanobacterial fossils
http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/Evolution/Hominids/stromatolyte1.gif
fossilized Girvanella sp.
http://www.californiabiota.com/cabiota/cyanobacteria.jpg
remnants cell walls of cyanobacteria trapped in oil bubbles, 1 Ga
http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/img/environment/cyanobacteria220805.jpg

Precambrian cyanobacterial colony in stromatolic carbonaceous chert, NWT, 2 Ga
http://www.cushmanfoundation.org/resources/images/slide04.gif

Precambrian filamentous cyanobacteria from Bitter Springs chert, 850 Ma
http://www.cushmanfoundation.org/resources/images/slide05.gif

cyanococci Bitter Springs chert
http://www.astrobiology.ucla.edu/images/picts/res4b.jpg


comparison of fossil and modern cyanobacteria
http://www.cushmanfoundation.org/resources/images/slide06.gif

Diagram phycobilosome
http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/BOT201/BOT201/Algae/Bot%20201%20phycobilisome

filaments of cyanobacteria and carbonate deposition in microspheres
http://paleopolis.rediris.es/cg/CG2004_L03/images/TN_CG2004_L03_Fig_05.jpg

CSLM image cyanobacterial microfilm
http://www.sph.sc.edu/enhs/images/clip_image004_000.jpg


Chains of cyanobacteria - heterocyst - resting sporehttp://nbsp.sonoma.edu/resources/presentations/derekpres/05Microbe%20lecture/img005.gif


Cyanophytes
http://www.biologie.uni-rostock.de/pflanzenphysiologie/Research/Cyanobacteria/Images/Cyanophytes_big.jpg

TEM cyanobacterial cell
http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/BOT201/BOT201/Algae/Bot%20201%20cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria inclusions ~ diagram
http://www.science-art.com/gallery/11/11_5102003112634.jpg


Cyanobacteria below
http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbios/27-11x1-Cyanobacteria.jpg


Cyanobacteria inclusions ~ diagram
http://www.science-art.com/gallery/11/11_5102003112634.jpg

Cyanobacteria slide show
http://cyanoindia.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/cyanobacteria.gif

Cyanobacteria on reef
http://www.reefs.org/hhfaq/img/faq_cyano.jpg

Cyanobacteria inhabiting Cycad roots
http://plantnet.rbgsyd.gov.au/PlantNet/cycad/nitrogen/figure15.jpg

Cyanobacteria around roots in sand
http://mikes-machine.mine.nu/Algae/Cyanobacteria/DSCN6561.JPG

Cyanobacteria in sand
http://mikes-machine.mine.nu/Algae/Cyanobacteria/DSCN6557.JPG

Cyanobacteria filament
http://mikes-machine.mine.nu/Algae/Cyanobacteria/DSCN7449.jpg

Cocci of cyanobacteria
http://www.alleco.fi/bsbw/graphics/1-3-species/cyanobacteria01_p.jpg

Coccal cyanobacteria
http://www.mdx.ac.uk/images/subjectled/bio/cyanobacteria.jpg

Cyanobacteria filaments
http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/library/images/news_stories/old/cyanobacteria_filaments.jpg

Cyanobacteria
gallery

Cyanobacteria in Hot Springs
http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_12/cyanobac.gif

Cyanobacterial cocci
cocci
Yellowstone Hot Spring Cyanobacteria
http://news-info.wustl.edu/pub/libs/images/usr/2602_h.jpg


Description Cyanobacteria in Hot Springs, Yellowstone
hot spring


Cyanobacteria in Hot Springs in Yellowstone
Hot spring


lyngae filaments
http://www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu/images/lgimages/lyngae.jpg

normally smaller bacteria
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imagsmall/bacteria2.jpg

Anabaena
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imagsmall/cyano.jpg


Anabaena filaments and heterocyst
http://www.visualsunlimited.com/images/watermarked/900/900207.jpg

Anabaena chain
http://www.visualsunlimited.com/images/watermarked/899/899107.jpg


Anabaena chain 2
http://www.visualsunlimited.com/images/watermarked/438/438544.jpg
Anabaena ?
Anabaena

Anabaena with heterocyst
http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~awolfe/102pics/cyanobacteria.2.jpg

Aphanizomenon
http://www.visualsunlimited.com/images/watermarked/750/750373.jpg


Microcystis flos aquae (L) Aphanizomenon (R)
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imagsmall/microcystisdark2.jpg



Pleurocapsa sp.
http://www.ibvf.cartuja.csic.es/Cultivos/fotos/Pleurocapsa_PCC_7327_dis.jpg

Calothrix paletina
http://antmoss.nipr.ac.jp/sou/images/parietina_k_1.jpg

Chroococcus turgidus
http://www.visualsunlimited.com/images/watermarked/900/900707.jpg

Cyanothece major
http://antmoss.nipr.ac.jp/sou/images/major_k_1.jpg
Cyanothece aeruginosa
http://antmoss.nipr.ac.jp/sou/images/aeruginosa_k_1.jpg


Gloeocapsa sp.
http://www.cushmanfoundation.org/resources/images/slide08.gif
Hapalosiphon
http://www.visualsunlimited.com/images/watermarked/433/433886.jpg
Hapalosiphon 2
http://www.visualsunlimited.com/images/watermarked/433/433885.jpg
Hapalosiphon 3
http://www.visualsunlimited.com/images/watermarked/433/433884.jpg
Hapalosiphon filament
http://www.visualsunlimited.com/images/watermarked/433/433883.jpg
Hapalosiphon cluster
http://www.visualsunlimited.com/images/watermarked/433/433882.jpg
Hapalosiphon 4
http://www.visualsunlimited.com/images/watermarked/433/433881.jpg
Hyella stella ~ similar to Eohella dichotemata of Late Proterozoic
http://people.bu.edu/golubic/hystel3.GIF
Eohyella dichotemata of Late Protetozoic
http://people.bu.edu/golubic/SG.eohydi.jpg
Eohyella fossil assemblage
http://people.bu.edu/golubic/eohytwo.jpg
Eohyella campbellii ~ at 1.5 Ga, the oldest known microbial endolith
http://people.bu.edu/golubic/Eohydah.jpg

Hyella racemus
http://people.bu.edu/golubic/hyrac.GIF

Leptolyngba battersii
http://antmoss.nipr.ac.jp/sou/images/battersii_k_1.jpg
Leptolyngba perelegans
http://antmoss.nipr.ac.jp/sou/images/perelegans_k_1.jpg
Leptolyngba tenuis
http://antmoss.nipr.ac.jp/sou/images/tenuis_k_1.jpg
Lyngbya confervoides
http://www.cushmanfoundation.org/resources/images/slide07.gif
Lyngba sp.
http://www.visualsunlimited.com/images/watermarked/315/315720.jpg
Lyngba sp. 2
http://www.visualsunlimited.com/images/watermarked/315/315721.jpg
Lyngbya mat
http://www.bioremediate.com/lyngbya.jpg
Merismopedia
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imagsmall/merismopedia.jpg
Microcystis
http://www.visualsunlimited.com/images/watermarked/750/750374.jpg
Phormidium autumnale
http://antmoss.nipr.ac.jp/sou/images/autumnale_k_1.jpg
Nostoc
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imagsmall/nostoc.jpg
Nostoc commune
http://antmoss.nipr.ac.jp/sou/images/commune_k_1.jpg
Nodularia quadrata
http://antmoss.nipr.ac.jp/sou/images/quadrata_k_1.jpg
Ooid grain thin section
http://people.bu.edu/golubic/ooid-2c.GIF
Petrographic thin section through an ooid grain, ca 0.5 mm diameter from ooid shoals at Joultar's Cays, near Andros Island Bahamas. Ooids are pearl-like spherical grains that form in layers over thousands of years. Note the emptied tunnels of microbial endoliths along the lower right edge of the grain. The dark spotted zone marks an earlier period of endolith activities that alternated with the carbonate accretion. (courtesy Dr. S.E. Campbell).
Oscillatoria
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/oscillatoria2small.jpg
Oscillatoria diagram
http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/ftp/BIODIDAC/BOTANY/BACTERIA/DIAGBW/BACT005B.GIF

Prasiola crispa
http://antmoss.nipr.ac.jp/sou/images/crispa_k_1.jpg
Scytonema endolyticum
http://people.bu.edu/golubic/scytend.gif
Solentia achromatica
http://people.bu.edu/golubic/sol.GIF

Synechoccus
http://www.mdsg.umd.edu/CQ/V03N2/synechococcus.gif
Synecoccus (coiled) with thyalkaloids
http://www.visualsunlimited.com/images/watermarked/557/55732.jpg
Algae
Spirogyra algae
http://www.irishponds.com/modules/ContentExpress/img_repository/spirog1.jpg
Pithophora mat
http://www.bioremediate.com/Pithophora.jpg


http://antmoss.nipr.ac.jp/sou/images/tenuis_k_1.jpg

calcareous nannofossils and coccoliths
http://www.cushmanfoundation.org/resources/slides/calnanno.html

http://www.discoverwest.com.au/western_australia/monkey_mia.html
http://www.discoverwest.com.au/western_australia/hamlin_pool_stromatolites.html
http://www.calm.wa.gov.au/national_parks/hamelin_pool_mnr.html

http://www.soton.ac.uk/~bam2/col-index/fossi-lindex/Algae/index.htm

http://www.soton.ac.uk/~bam2/col-index/fossi-lindex/Algae/images/AL109.jpg

bacterial mats
http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/students/this_month/

http://www.reef.edu.au/asp_pages/secb.asp?FormNo=1
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookDiversity_2.html
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ploct97.htm#stromato.gif
http://www.micrographia.com/index.htm

movie ciliate feeding
http://www.micrographia.com/cilbnwan.gif

Cyanobacteria
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imagsmall/merismopedia.jpg
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imagsmall/cyano.jpg
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imagsmall/nostoc.jpg
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artoct01/pjnostoc.html

Algae
Spirogyra
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imagsmall/spirogyra.jpg

http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjan99/gyra.html
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgjan99/conjug.jpg
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgjan99/condet.jpg


http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/fresh/bacteria/oscillatoria450.jpg

Rhodophyta
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artmar99/red.html
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/marine/algae/Polysiphonia
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/marine/algae/Antithamnion.jpg
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/marine/algae/polysiphonia
Phytoplankton Bloom mostly Diatoms
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/marine/algae/blueplankton.jpg

Filamentous Desmid
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imagsmall/desmidiumswartzii.jpg
Australian Desmids
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artnov03/mddesmid.html


Diatoms
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/marine/diatom/Lithodesmium
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/marine/diatom/chaetoceros
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/marine/diatom/buisdiatomee.jpg

http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/marine/diatom/achnanthesclose2450.jpg
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/marine/diatom/achnanthes450.jpg
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/marine/diatom/diatomfan.jpg
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/marine/diatom/paradoxa.jpg
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/marine/diatom/Eucampia450.jpg

Larvae
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/marine/larva/starfishlarvae.jpg


Ciliated Plasmodium animation
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imagsmall/paradark2.gif

Flagellated Euglena animation
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imagsmall/euglenamov.gif

Amoeba engulfing Desmid
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imagsmall/amoebafeeding3.jpg

Animated red Mitehttp://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imagsmall/mitered.gif

Microbial World Cyanobacteria
Abstrat
http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/71/8/4822

http://www.netpets.org/fish/reference/reefref/cyanobacteria.html
http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/BOT311/Cyanobacteria/CyanoMiCrust.jpg http://www.rvt.com/~lucas/school/cyano.html

Winogradsky Column Video Demonstration.

Show credits
Hide
Schematic view of a typical Winogradsky Column. Image credit: Jim Deacon, University of Edinburgh
Schematic of Winogradsky Column
http://serc.carleton.edu/images/microbelife/topics/special_collections/Winogradsky.jpg

· Building a Winogradsky Column Video Demonstration. This five-minute Quick Time video demonstrates how to build a Winogradsky Column. The video is published by NASA Quest and can be used as a teaching supplement to... (more info)
· Building a Winogradsky Column: An Educator Guide with Activities in Astrobiology. This 27-page educator guide is a NASA Quest resource about Microbial Ecology and related Astrobiology activities. Students will construct a Winogradsky Column to observe... (more info)
· Investigating Bacteria with the Winogradsky Column . This is an instructor's guide to teaching about biodiversity in the microbial world. This activity encourages students to investigate bacteria using a... (more info)
· Soil & Windogradsky Column Hotlist . This is an Internet hotlist on the Windogradsky column. Published by a high school teacher, it includes links to soil profiles, soil taxonomy, and Winogradsky Columns. (more info)
· The Microbial World: Winogradsky Column- Perpetual Life in a Tube. This Winogradsky column web page is designed to teach undergraduate students a simple model system of nutrient cycling in natural waters. It includes a physical... (more info)
· The Winogradsky Column: An Animated Tutorial. This five-minute animated tutorial describes Winogradsky columns. The tutorial shows how to create a Winogradsky Column, describes the various layers and types of microbes... (more info)
· Winogradsky Columns. This is an exercise about Winogradsky Columns with emphasis placed on the formation and properties of microbial biofilms. It includes background reference... (more info)
More Information
For more information about Winogradsky Columns, search the Microbial Life collection.

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2005/11/21

chemistry

01 Matter - Its Properties and Measurement02 Atoms and the Atomic Theory 03 Chemical Compounds04 Chemical Reactions05 Introduction to Reactions in Aqueous Solutions06 Gases07 Thermochemistry08 The Atmospheric Gases and Hydrogen09 Electrons in Atoms10 The Periodic Table and Some Atomic Properties11 Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts12 Chemical Bonding II: Additional Aspects13 Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces14 Solutions and Their Physical Properties15 Chemical Kinetics16 Principles of Chemical Equilibrium17 Acids and Bases18 Additional Aspects of Acid-Base Equilibria19 Solubility and Complex-Ion Equilibria20 Spontaneous Change: Entropy and Free Energy21 Electrochemistry22 Main-Group Elements I: Metals23 Main-Group Elements II: Nonmetals24 The Transition Elements25 Complex Ions and Coordination Compounds26 Nuclear Chemistry27 Organic Chemistry28 Chemistry of the Living State

audio-anim of H2 bonding
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/038_H2BondForm.MOV

audio-anim of hybridization of s p orbitals
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/056_Hybridization.MOV

audio-anim Lewis ball-and-stick space-filling models
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/009_REPRESENTSUB.MOV

cwx.prenhall.com/.../ media_portfolio/12.html

http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/index.html

audio-anim proteins amino acids
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/086_ProteinsAmino.MOV

audio-anim chirality
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/083_Chirality.MOV

audio-anim isomerism
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/011_ISOMERISM.MOV

http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/084_OpticalActivity.MOV
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/084_OpticalActivity.MOV

audio-movie mixtures compounds
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/059_MixesandComp.MOV

audio-demo gas chromatography
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/002_DEMOPAPER.MOV

audio-anim multiple proportions
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/003_MULTIPLEPROP.MOV

audio-movie millikan oil drop experiment
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/004_MILLIKANOIL.MOV

audio-anim alpha beta gamma rays
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/005_SEPARATION.MOV

audio-anim Rutherford
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/006_RUTHERFORD.MOV

audio-dem Na and K in water
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/thumbnails/t007_SODIUMANDPO.JPG

audio-anim periodic table
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/thumbnails/t008_PERIODICPROP.JPG

audio-anim periodic oxidation
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/010_PERIODICOXIDA.MOV

audio-dem periodic trends radii
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/thumbnails/t046_AtomicRadii.JPG

audio-dem ionization energy
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/thumbnails/t047_IonizationEner.JPG

audio-dem periodic ionization energy
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/thumbnails/t048_PeriodicIoniza.JPG

audio-dem periodic electron affinities
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/050_PeriodElectron.MOV

audio-dem acid-base properties oxides
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/thumbnails/t051_AcidBasOxides.JPG

audio-dem natural indicators
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/070_NaturalIndica.MOV


audio-dem periodic electronegativity
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/052_Electronegativ.MOV

audio-dem formal charges
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/053_FormalCharges.MOV

audio-dem electron domains and VSEPR model
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/054_VSEPR.MOV


audio-dem formation AlBr3
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/012_FORMALUMBRO.MOV

audio-dem solution from solid
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/013_SOLUTFROMSOL.MOV

audio-dem solution by dilution
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/thumbnails/t014_SOLUTBYDILUT.JPG

audio-dem limiting reagent
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/015_LIMITREAGENT.MOV

audio-dem electrolytes and non-electrolytes
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/015_ELECTANDNON.MOV

audio-dem strong and weak electrolytes
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/thumbnails/t016_STRONGWEAK.JPG

audio-dem aqueous acids
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/thumbnails/t017_AQUEOUSACIDS.JPG

audio-dem aqueous bases
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/thumbnails/t018_AQUEOUSBASE.JPG

audio-dem exothermic reaction
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/019_THERMITE.MOV

audio-dem reduction of CuO
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/thumbnails/t020_REDUCTIONCUO.JPG

audio-dem exothermic formation of NaCl
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/thumbnails/t021_SODIUMCHLOR.JPG

audio-dem oxidation-reduction reactions 1
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/022_REDOXREACTS1.MOV

audio-dem oxidizing-reducing agents
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/022_REDOXREACTS1.MOV

audio-dem addition-loss of electron and size of anion cation
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/075_GainLossofEle.MOV

audio-dem production of Ag crystals
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/024_SILVERCRYSTA.MOV

audio-dem redux reactions Sn and Zn
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/025_REDOXSNANDZN.MOV

audio-dem Boyle's Law
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/thumbnails/t026_P_VRelations.JPG

audio-dem hydrolysis of water
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/027_ElectroWater.MOV

audio-dem kinetic energies in a gas
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/028_KineticEnGas.MOV

audio-dem kinetic energy and vapor pressure
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/030_VaporPvsTemp.MOV

audio-dem changes of state
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/031_ChangesState.MOV

audio-dem close packing
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/057_ClosePacking.MOV

audio-dem work of gas expansion
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/thumbnails/t032_WorkGasExpan.JPG

audio-dem reactions with O2
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/034_ReactWithOxy.MOV

audio-dem stratospheric O3
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/thumbnails/t035_StratosOzone.JPG

audio-dem CFCs and O3
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/thumbnails/t036_CFCsAndOzone.JPG

audio-dem catalytic destruction of O3
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/037_DestructOzon.MOV

audio-dem Br testing for unsaturated hydrocarbons
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/thumbnails/t085_TestHydroBro.JPG

audio-dem dehydration of sugar
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/060_DehydratSugar.MOV

audio-dem Henry's Law
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/thumbnails/t061_HenrysLaw.JPG

audio-dem exothermic formation of water
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/062_FormWater.MOV

audio-dem first order process
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/063_FirstOrderProc.MOV

audio-dem exothermic NI3
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/064_NitrogTriiodide.MOV

audio-dem nucleophilic substitution
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/065_BimoleculaReac.MOV

audio-dem chemical equilibrium
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/068_NO2_N2O4Equil.MOV

audio-dem Le Chatelier's Principle
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/066_LeChateliersPr.MOV

audio-dem temperature dependence of equilibrium
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/thumbnails/t067_TempDependEq.JPG

audio-dem Lewis acid-base theory
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/069_LewisA_BTheo.MOV

audio-dem dissolution of Mg(OH)2
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/071_DissoluMgOH2.MOV

audio-dem precipitation reactions
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/072_PrecipitaReact.MOV


audio-dem electroplating
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/078_Electroplating.MOV

audio-dem flame tests for metals
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/039_FlameTestsMet.MOV

audio-dem halogens
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/080_PhysPropHalo.MOV

audio-dem H2SO4
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/thumbnails/t081_SulfuricAcidOx.JPG

audio-dem oxidation-reduction halogens
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/thumbnails/t077_OxReHalogens.JPG

audio-dem dissolution KMnO4
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/082_DissoluKMn04.MOV

audio-dem reduction of CuO
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/020_REDUCTIONCUO.MOV

www.iktsoft.com/ proj/chemistory/atom.php
www.hull.ac.uk/.../ orb/orbital_selector.html

Contents
Quantum Theory, Blackbody RadiationCorrespondence PrincipleUncertainty PrincipleExclusion PrinciplePath Integral, Transition to Qunatum TheoryFirst Quantization, Schrodinger EquationQuantum InterpretationsHydrogen AtomCovalent Bond, Hydrogen MoleculeIonic Bond, Atomic ShellsHydrogen Bond, Molecular Orbitalvan der Waals Force, Dipole-Dipole InteractionPhysical ChemistryInorganic ChemistryReferencesIndex